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哎呦喂蛋蛋

動(dòng)靜之機(jī) 發(fā)表于 2016-3-19 10:00
問題5 為了在照明過程中使用電孤，歐洲、美國和俄羅斯的發(fā)明家們在30 年間不斷地尋找最佳的方案，以便 ...

怎么沒有答案呢？

在多少頁？

動(dòng)靜之機(jī)

該書的特點(diǎn)就是，沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，得自己悟。。。。

幸運(yùn)的是網(wǎng)上有很多關(guān)于電弧燈的歷史可以參考。

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7ca9fb800101qp9m.html
   亞布洛奇科夫（1847—1894）俄國電工技師。他29歲時(shí)獲得了電弧燈——第一個(gè)電光源的專利權(quán)。這種燈被譽(yù)為“俄國之光”，幾乎照亮了世界各國的首都。

http://www.ck365.cn/baike/1/1723.html
此后，俄國人雅布洛奇科夫(Jablochkoff)發(fā)明的“電燭”問世。它的做法是用絕緣的熟石膏將兩個(gè)炭極隔開。當(dāng)“電燭”被點(diǎn)燃時(shí)，絕緣層就與炭棒同速燃燒發(fā)出白熾光。從本質(zhì)上看，這種“電燭”也是一種電弧燈，只是稍省些電。雅布洛奇科夫“電燭”在 1877 年被用作巴黎的歌劇院門前大道的照明，和倫敦泰晤士河岸的部分照明，但是這種“電燭”不能持久，最長也只能用兩個(gè)小時(shí)。

某某百科的鳥語內(nèi)容（中文的哪去了。。。 http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-347375-1-1.html ）：
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yablochkov_candle

A Yablochkov candle consists of a sandwich of two long carbon blocks, approximately 6 by 12 millimetres in cross-section, separated by a block of inert material such as plaster of paris or kaolin. There is a small piece of fuse wire or carbon paste linking the two carbon blocks at the top end. The assembly is mounted vertically into a suitable insulated holder.

雅布洛奇科夫電燭呈三明治結(jié)構(gòu)，由兩根橫截面大約6x12毫米的長碳棒內(nèi)夾一片絕緣材料，比如熟石膏（和巴黎有毛關(guān)系？點(diǎn)這里） 或者高嶺土（這個(gè)名字很中國哦 點(diǎn)這里 終于挽回點(diǎn)面子）構(gòu)成。兩根碳棒頂端之間由一小段引燃絲或者碳漿涂層連接。該組件垂直安裝在絕緣底座上。

On application of the electric supply, the fuse wire 'blows' and strikes the arc. The arc then continues to burn, gradually consuming the carbon electrodes (and the intervening plaster) as it does so. The first candles were powered by a Gramme machine.  開始供電的那一瞬，引燃絲熔斷并點(diǎn)燃電弧。電弧持續(xù)燃燒，逐漸燒蝕碳棒（和中間的熟石膏），電燭早先時(shí)候由gramme直流電機(jī)供電。

Electrodes last about two hours or until the power is cut. A classic Yablochkov candle cannot be relit, since the fuse wire between the electrodes has been consumed. Later versions of the candle, however, included powdered metal in the inert separator. This would act as a new fuse wire, allowing a half-burnt candle to be restarted once extinguished.電極的壽命大約2小時(shí)，或者因斷電提前掛掉。早期的雅布洛奇科夫電燭不能重新點(diǎn)燃， 因?yàn)轫敹说囊�燃絲已經(jīng)（在上一次點(diǎn)燃時(shí)）用掉了。后續(xù)的版本在中間的絕緣體中摻雜了金屬粉末，充當(dāng)了新的引燃絲，可以讓中途熄火的電燭重新啟用。

The advantage of the design over other carbon arc designs is that it removes the need for a mechanical regulator to maintain the appropriate distance between the carbon blocks to sustain the arc.與其他碳棒電弧（燈）設(shè)計(jì)相比，該設(shè)計(jì)的先進(jìn)之處是取消了用于調(diào)節(jié)碳棒間距以維持電弧的機(jī)械調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)。

http://www.edisontechcenter.org/ArcLamps.html   這里比較詳細(xì)地介紹了一些照明燈具的歷史，能看到各種恐龍級調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)。




關(guān)于亞布洛奇科夫的部分：
Left: the Yablochkov (Jablochkoff) candle was the first product, it had two carbon rods side by side (see illustration) separated by a laster, it burned down from the top with the arc begin kept at the idea gap width. This was a way to get around the problem of feeding two carbon rods together in the regular lamp model. It was a simple operation to replace the rods when finished. The device produced an unsteady light that would range from dark purple to bright white. Sometimes it went out, which would lead to the entire series of lamps (up to six) going out. But it was a important step and the first commercially successful electric light.


毛熊的民族性格可能是將各種復(fù)雜的解決方案認(rèn)為是“技術(shù)恐龍”，總希望尋找一種“一擊命中”的解決之道， 很多時(shí)候確實(shí)高效。

比如太空筆的故事， 西方公司投巨資研發(fā)，又是充氣，又是密封，千百次試驗(yàn)，終于成功。 毛熊說，俺用鉛筆（原意）中不中？

然而誰能走的更遠(yuǎn)， 大家都看到了。

有點(diǎn)遺憾的是國內(nèi)的多為“描述”，國外的就詳細(xì)得多。

哎呦喂蛋蛋

動(dòng)靜之機(jī) 發(fā)表于 2016-3-21 09:16
該書的特點(diǎn)就是，沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，得自己悟。。。。

幸運(yùn)的是網(wǎng)上有很多關(guān)于電弧燈的歷史可以參考。

非賞感謝